The Colors of Hydrogen Production: Emissions, Costs, and Concerns

Hydrogen is a colorless gas that can be produced through a wide range of methods using a variety of raw materials or “feedstocks,” such as coal, natural gas, and water. Different production processes for hydrogen gas result in distinct byproducts like carbon dioxide, solid carbon, and oxygen. These differing processes are often assigned a color, which aids in quick identification but can obscure details about the emissions and impacts of each process. Understanding the full environmental, economic, and social implications of each type of hydrogen production is crucial in determining its role in the energy landscape.  

This 4-page fact sheet illustrates the colors of hydrogen production, outlining how each type of hydrogen is made, its carbon intensity, its production cost, and other environmental concerns. The fact sheet includes a useful hydrogen production color chart. 

For more information and resources on hydrogen, see our additional fact sheets and an interactive map of hydrogen projects in the US.